ABSTRACT
Abdominal compartment syndrome is a multiple organ dysfunction ascribed to a sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure.It is observed in new-borns with abdominal or diaphragmatic wall defects (omphalocele and gastroschisis) and in adults in events triggering a sharp increase in volume of abdominal cavity liquid (closed or penetrating traumas, intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal bleeding, very aggressive reanimation. Diagnosis arises from clinical signs, abdominal distension and measurement of intra-abdominal pressure as well as renal, respiratory and cardiovascular involvement. Measurement of intra-abdominal pressure is based on inferior vena cava or intravesical vein pressure. Treatment consists of evacuation by abdominal puncture maintained and adequately monitored during 8 to 15 days.